Nowadays, using the pile group has special importance due to the transfer of structure load to hard layers of soil or rock. Therefore, any damage to the pile group can lead to irreparable risks. On the other hand, the importance of explosive loading and the development of passive defence systems require more appropriate measures concerning the effects of explosion loading on the pile groups. One of the most important parameters in pile group is pile space. In this study, the effects of pile space in the pile group under explosion loading are investigated. For this purpose, the numerical analysis of the pile group has been performed using the Abaqus software and by Coupling Eulerian-Lagrange Method. According to the results, it was found that increasing the lateral or longitudinal pile space in the pile group would improve the condition of the pile group against the explosive loading.

In this paper, a new Method for extending and relaxing the noise-Coupling (NC) technique is proposed to enhance the noise-shaping order without adding the number of integrators. The noise-shaping order of the introduced ∑∆ modulator whit applying a second-order noise-Coupling technique is enhanced and its performance with optimizing the noise transfer function (NTF) zeros is improved. Also, by removing the analog adder at feedforward path and transferring it to a new feedback branch before the last integrator and adding second-order NC path can be decreased the input voltage swing to the quantizer. Thus, by improving the modulator resolution, power consumption can be reduced. Mathematical analyses and behavioural simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new NC Method. To examine its performance, a 2nd-order single loop ΣΔ modulator was designed. The new noise-Coupling Method is used to achieve the three-order noise shaping to increase the resolution with low complexity and low-power. The results show an outstanding improvement in signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) compared to the conventional structure.

In the present work, the transition matrix elements as well as differential and total scattering cross-sections for positronium formation in Positron-Hydrogen atom collision and hydrogen formation in Positronium-Hydrogen ion collision, through the charge transfer channel by Two-Centre Close-Coupling Method up to a first order approximation have been calculated. The charge transfer collision is assumed to be a three-body reaction, while the projectile is a plane wave. Additionally, the hydrogen and positronium atoms are assumed, initially, to be in their ground states. For the case of charge transfer in the scattering of positron by hydrogen atoms, the differential cross sections are plotted for the energy range of 50eV to 10keV, where the Thomas peak is clearly observable. Finally, the total scattering cross-section for the charge transfer in the collision of Positron-Hydrogen and Positronium-Hydrogen ion are plotted as a function of projectile energies and compared with other Methods in the literature.

The pin profile in Friction Stir Welding (FSW) has a significant influence on the temperature and strain distribution during the welding process. The shape and geometry of the pin can affect the material flow and heat generation, which in turn impacts the temperature within the weld zone. In this research, the effect of different square, triangular, and cylindrical pin profiles on strain and temperature during FSW was investigated numerically. The coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian ((CEL)) Method was utilized to model the FSW process and further analyze strain and temperature. In this approach, the workpiece is represented using an Eulerian formulation, while the tool is described through a Lagrangian formulation. Results showed that the cylindrical tool generates higher temperatures due to its larger surface area, while the triangular tool keeps the sample cooler with a smaller pin surface area. Despite the triangular tool's longer revolving arm causing greater strain, it results in less pulsation, limiting the strain's impact to a smaller area. The maximum strain generated by the circular tool was approximately 16, whereas the triangular tool produced a maximum strain of 45.

In this research, using the Modified Compression Field Theory (MCFT), a new truss based model is proposed to predict the behavior of reinforced concrete Coupling beams with diagonal reinforcement. The model is able to consider the effects of shear and axial forces and bending moment, simultaneously. The proposed model includes a nonlinear shear spring, an axial spring, two inclined truss members and some nonlinear springs for considering bending deformations. The results of the proposed model were compared with several test results conducted by the authors and other researchers. The comparison shows that the proposed model can predict shear behavior of Coupling beams, appropriately.

Aim and Background: (CEL) I, is isolated from (CEL)ery and the first eukaryotic nuclease is known to have cleavage DNA with high specificity at sites of the two DNA strands in a heteroduplex DNA molecule. The aim of this study was cloning, expression and purification (CEL) I endonuclease and a simple Method for the detection of mutations.Materials and Methods: (CEL) I mRNA was used for RT-PCR. (CEL) I cDNA was synthesized and cloned into T-vector pTZ57R, then (CEL) I subcloned into pET32a expression vector. Recombinant plasmid was transformed into BL2I bacterial (CEL)ls. Expression of recombinant plasmid was analyzed by western blot technique. Protein was purified by affinity chromatography. In first study, Recombinant enzyme was active in mutation detection in Product PCR normal and mutant BRCA1 gene.Results: The recombinant (pET32a/(CEL) I) was successfully expressed in BL2I (CEL)ls. Western blot analysis showed that the successfully expressed (CEL) I in the (CEL)ls transfected. The first study showed that recombinant enzyme is known to nick mismatch sites of the two DNA strands in a heteroduplex DNA molecule.Conclusion: The expression of (CEL) I in BL2I (CEL)ls was strong. In vitro, purification protein was successful. Recombinant nucleases (CEL) I known to nick mismatch sites in a heteroduplex DNA molecule.